Henry George and Natural Law
Frank Chodorov
[Originally published in analysis. Reprinted
from Fragments, July-September 1967]
Thirty some years ago students of Henry George foresaw the coming of
the New Deal, or something like it. The foresight stemmed from his
chapter entitled "How Modern Civilization may Decline." In
this he reasoned that the tendency of the wage level, regardless of
productive increases, toward the point of mere subsistence, would open
the way for State interference in economic affairs. Frustration and
ignorance would demand it, and the politician, bent on his own
purposes, would come forth with fantastic promises. Since politics is
incapable of raising wages, but can only impose interventions which
lower the productive level from which wages come, the result must be
deterioration. New and more impossible promises would supplant the
discredited ones. To carry them out, the politician would ask for
additional powers, including, of course, new tax levies. Political
liberty would be put on the counter and offered at the bargain price
of a mess of pottage. 'The eventual outcome would be a dictatorship --
he called it, in 1879, an "imperatorship" -- completely
dominating all things economic, as well as political and social.
Henry George maintained that this consequence is not an historic
imperative. It is no more necessary for society to go through the
wringer of collectivism than it is necessary for a man to step off a
roof and break his neck. In the latter case, the man takes the
consequence of defying an immutable physical law; and when society,
said George, defies immutable laws in the field of economics, it will
likewise come to a bad end. Like the classicists before him, George
was a firm advocate of natural law in economics.
It is not germane to this story to go into the economic theories of
Henry George. What I had to encompass, and what I think is the basic
economic issue of the present, is the doctrine of natural law.
Briefly, this is the doctrine: nature has its own ways of applying
means to ends, which are made known to us by critical observation; we
observe in nature the constant recurrence of certain sequences, and
because of that constancy we ascribe to the sequences a
cause-and-effect relationship in words or symbols, which we call
natural law.
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