The Power of the State
Frank Chodorov
[Reprinted from The Freeman, May, 1940]
The State is power. Every attempt to define this political concept in
other terms falls flat.
It is merely a word. It is not an entity, possessing separate
definiteness; it has the qualities neither of being nor of death. It
is an idea, legalistic in origin and traditionalized into many
meanings by custom and by purpose. Like all abstractions it serves as
a dialectical convenience. It is not a fact. Its only reality consists
in the power -- political, military and, basically, economic power -
which it manifests.
How else can the idea of State be defined? Linguistically? Use of a
common language may result from a State-idea being imposed on peoples
speaking different languages. Geographically? Only armies delimit
State areas. Nature prescribes no ineradicable boundaries.
Biologically? Marriage and procreation are matters of propinquity, not
of designed continuance of supposedly fixed racial characteristics.
The American State -- which really began when the colonists imported
the legal power instrument of taxation and its corollary, the private
ownership of the land -- originated historically on the Eastern
seaboard of part of the North American continent, embraced Dutch,
English, Spanish, French and a dozen other blood-strains, soon well
mixed, speaking as many different languages, with an infiltration of
native Indian.
It was not much of a State, because its power was weak, because the
individuals within its purview were strong. The strength of the people
was developed by the presence of vast areas to which they could retire
when the power of the State became irksome. That is, free land made it
possible for men to be free. State power can find expression only
within the domain it physically dominates.
But, as the nascent power of the American State developed, making
partnerships with power groups in the newly exploited areas, it
extended its geography to the Pacific, to Canada, to Mexico. "Natural
borders,"' these were termed, mainly because an extension of the
American State's sphere of power came into conflict with that of
resisting powers. It was more convenient to solidify its galas, to
solidify its gains, to exploit its powers internally. Time came when
the "natural" borders could be extended to Alaska, the South
Sea Islands, the West Indies. Considerations neither of language nor
of consanguinity determined the absorption of these new aliens; the
desire for more power was the sole motivation.
But political power is neither self-existent nor self-assertive. It
resides in individuals, and is implemented with political instruments
controlled by them. The value of this power for these individuals lies
in the advantages it confers on them over others in the gratification
of desires. That is, the purpose is economic. Political power for any
other purpose is meaningless. At times the individuals in control of
State power may seem to be paranoiacs. Careful scrutiny, however, will
always reveal an underlying economic motive.
Public power -- or the "power of the people" -- is a
contradiction in terms. If all the people had power, upon whom would
they exert it? The exploitation of all by all is impossible. That is
the anomaly of the democratic political order: the assumption that
power may reside in all the people. In the "democratic"
State it is possible for more pressure groups than in an autocracy to
gain control of the means of exploitation. But there must be the large
protoplasmic population to be exploited by the various groups which
have gained control of the political instruments.
The three chief instruments are regulation of commerce, taxation and
the private ownership of land. The latter two are complementary. For,
if the power to tax were denied the State, its vitalizing force would
disappear. It would disintegrate, vanish. But the gregariousness of
people gives, rise to necessary social services, the rendering of
which is the State's excuse for taxation. With the abolition of taxes
these social services would necessitate the socialization of rent. The
socialisation of rent is the denial of absolute private land
ownership.
Military establishments and the legalistic paraphernalia by which
State .power is rationalized and made palatable -- all that palaver
called political science - are but the technique of exploitation. The
real power of the State resides in its power to tax - a power which
grows in proportions to the impotence of the people.
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