Review of the Book
The Life of Dr. Edward McGlynn
by Stephen Bell
Joseph Dana Miller
[Reprinted from Land and Freedom,
September-October 1937]
Joseph Dana Miller was during this period
Editor of Land and Freedom. Many of the editorials
published were unsigned. It is therefore possible that Miller was
not the author of this article, although the content is thought to
be consistent with his own perspectives as Editor. |
The appearance of the life of Dr. Edward McGlynn by Stephen Bell
tempts us to a brief glance over the years in which the church as an
institution has grown from its humble beginnings. At no time did the
church appeal to the hearts of the people more effectively then when
it spoke in the language of Christ to the disinherited. Its most
glorious traditions center around its early history in Rome, the
ministrations in Ireland of its "Soggarth Aroons" (the
beloved priests) and the heroism of its missionaries. Everywhere its
most potent appeal has been, not to the imposing character of the
church as an institution, but through the work of its humble and
sainted martyrs who have glorified its mission, and among these the
name of Edward McGlynn is not the least.
In the reign of Augustus, in an obscure corner of the world, of a
race of peasants and fishermen held in subjection by a race of
conquerors, the man Jesus was born. The religion of Rome would not
have served the purpose of Jesus, for it was essentially aristocratic
and purely a state religion. It was a religion which had bred a
callous indifference to human suffering and human misery, and it
excused injustice because its ideal worship was strength. Such a
religion was entirely unsuited in its mere formal ritual, in its cold
deification of abstract virtues, to the dawn of liberty, to the time
when the Roman yoke was becoming more and more intolerable to the
whole world. The religion of Pagan Rome was perfunctory, and religious
or spiritual enthusiasm and exaltation were expressly condemned.
Except among the philosophers there was no ethical religion, and to
the state religion the great masses of the Roman people were
unattached. To the nobles and patricians the state religion was a
convenience merely, since it justified the assumption by them of the
most extraordinary privileges, and for their emperors the positive
deification as gods. It was not this kind of religion that was to
arouse a spirit to sweep away a rotting civilization. There was
nothing in it to induce the masses of men to make common cause, and
there was every- thing in it to perpetuate the separation of classes
which the unequal distribution of wealth had created.
In the other hand this new religion spoke in a new tongue, but not in
unwelcome accents. Fragmentary as are the words of Christ, repeated to
his disciples and orally reported, must have been, in which the new
and unfamiliar conception of an All Loving Father who welcomed to his
kingdom poor as well as rich was given to the world, these glad
tidings were eagerly grasped and formulated into principles for life
and conduct. It mattered not how the doctors and philosophers of the
new faith wrestled with the more esoteric parts of the creed; that
which the masses grasped, which was the real strength of the new
religion, was the brotherhood. It told its beautiful story, not to
Roman Praetor, but to foreign slave; it whispered its words of
emancipation to the helot aching over his task; to the galley slave
bending to the oar. It disappointed the aspiring Jew, who dreamed that
Israel might play again the part she had once played in the drama of
nations that she should be another greater and grander Rome. But the
new spirit breathed the language of peace; the conquering of self was
declared to be a greater victory than the conquering of a city. It was
said to be the kingdom of heaven that had come, and its leader was the
Prince of Peace.
It was its passionate charity, its benignant justice, which in the
beginning had overthrown the Pagan temples, that constituted the real
strength of Christianity. The meek and the poor should inherit the
earth and a sweet assurance was borne to the hearts of the
disinherited. The moral conscience of the world was already in revolt
against the tyrannies and barbarities of Rome, against the more
revolting cruelties of slavery, against Pagan gods who possessed every
quality but compassion.
In the more obscure corners of Rome the real founders of
Christianity, or the earliest names identified with her history,
resided in dwellings of misery, amid the hawkers of trifles in
localities which must have closely corresponded to the tenement wards
of our great cities. Here lived Aquilla and his wife Priscilla when
the church was without prelates, when her chief apostles were tramps
and vagabonds human oxen of commerce, who along the quays of Rome,
amid casks and bundles of ill-smelling merchandise, first heard the
name of Jesus.
The new faith taught gentleness and humanity, and for a time the
heart of the whole world that was addressed beat true. In the very
mode of its acceptance the inner core of the new faith was revealed.
It found favor in the eyes of the poor Jew and the Assyrian, but in
the free Greek, when he accepted it, was aroused a mere languid
acquiescence. To Asia and Syria, accustomed to subjection, it spread
like prairie fire. It found a lodgment in Rome itself, largely because
the Roman people were sunk in poverty and misery, but to the Roman
patrician it was "an odious superstition." It was the
selfishness of the Pagan religion which destroyed that religion; that
which replaced it was in its inception at least the very negation of
self.
But the vision of Jesus receded as the friends and defenders of
privilege sought for its perpetuation the alliance of the ermined and
sceptered followers of the companion of fishermen. When Rome became
Christian she was still Rome. It is true of all creeds that they are
purest in revolt; it is true of all creeds that institutionalism
weakens their essential strength. In the new faith of Christianity
lived the spirit of old Rome. It was from Rome geographically the
heart of the faith that she propagated the doctrine in its first
stages through all her conquered provinces. The old vessels of the
Roman empire were filled with the new wine. The channels of the old
conquests became the channels of the new. The imperial dream, which
the Master, with a divine gentleness, had put aside, became the
ambition and aim of his later disciples. It put itself above
nationalities but sought to gather to itself all the springs of power.
The Church taught contempt of the world, while in her inmost heart
she pined with a greedy sickness for dominion. She emasculated her
worshippers while she grew big with power, and her grip tightened upon
thrones while she taught ascetism to her followers. It is little
wonder that Compte, observing this, should have superficially
concluded that religion was the invention of priests and politicians.
For never was there a mode of power so easy to the astute and
designing; and never was there a superstructure so surely founded as
this, which had dominion for its motive, superstition for its method,
and oh, saddest of all! love for its base. The dream of the
enfranchisement of man was wrought again upon the anvil of the church
to be the instrument of destruction for the ignorant and the poor.
Gradually the spirit of hierarchy the real spirit of old Rome began
to manifest itself. At the precise juncture when apparently the church
was the strongest the seeds of weakness had been introduced. Nor is it
an accident that the forces of Christian sacerdotalism gravitated
toward Rome, for it sought to accomplish by subtler measures what Rome
had wrought by force of arms. Rome's conception of government at
bottom was civil, not religious. But the new power claimed temporal
supremacy by virtue of celestial authority. It used its power just as
Rome had used hers. It substituted a vital, passionate form of power
for a cold and empty one which could not outlive its triumphs in the
field. The claim of one was a stubble to the fire of the other. For
Rome and her eagles it set up the standard of Christ and his bishops.
Its decrees were imperial; it recognized no civil assumptions not
sanctioned by the ecclesiastics. It began its conflict for universal
power with a dream that dwarfed Rome's. It wrested the spiritual
idealism of Christ to the service of empire, and it defaced the image
of Christ that it might substitute for a creed of the purest freedom
and equality, one of privilege, of the insignificance of the laity, of
priestly supremacy and social inequality. And the contrast grew and
deepened with the material progress of the church. The revolts against
this tendency were at all times active but they were everywhere
crushed by a militant hierarchy.
Whatever Christ was he was a man. Whatever else he may serve for, he
offered us a practical ideal. Whatever he claimed to be or whatever
others claim for him, his conception of life and conduct, and the
adaptation of his actions to his theory of life have relation to the
purely practical affairs of today. Whatever view we take of him the
splendid mystery of the life of the Nazarene is the same. The lesson
is the principal thing; the life is the all in all. He did not say, "I
am the doctrine," but he did say "I am the way." He did
not build temples of worship, but he went out into the cities and the
fields and told the story of the Fatherhood. And the common people
heard him gladly. Well might the Prankish king, when solicited by his
Christian wife to confess Christ, answer with a sneer, "Your god
is not even of divine descent he is a mere plebian."
The church may wield a mighty power when it decides to enthrone the
plebian Christ. When she does she will not lack adherents. Here and
there in her history such times have been, and men have arisen at
whose words humanity rose up and girded itself with a strength which,
when summoned, the forces of evil, of injustice, of oppression, may in
vain assail. Whitfield among the colliers thunders his message, and
down cheeks blackened with coal dust from the mines unwonted tears are
seen to run. In our day a McGlynn, clinging to the vows of his
priesthood and jealous of the canons of his church, appears, and under
the inspiration of a mighty impulse Catholic audiences cheer the
reading of the Lord's Prayer by an excommunicated priest. Or a Father
Damien gives his life for the lepers, and the whole world bows its
head and princes make memorials for him. Or in other fields a Father
Huntington casts his life with the moral lepers of a great city, and
men speak lovingly of him as of one who is indeed doing the Master's
work.
Sometimes we speak of the doctrines we hold as a science the science
of political economy. And so it is. But it is more than that. It is an
ethical and religious message. It is upheld, in essence at least, by
many eminent churchmen of the past, teachers and saints of the Roman
Catholic faith. It has been declared by the very highest authority as
not contrary to Catholic doctrine. The Fatherhood of God carries with
it the Brotherhood of Man and the right of all men to God's bounties.
The message of Dr. McGlynn is a message for today.
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